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Glossary

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Yoroi

Morgan
Yoroi is a light wallet for daily use with Cardano. Yoroi was developed by Emurgo.
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KEVM

Olga Hryniuk
K Ethereum Virtual Machine. It allows developers to experiment with any smart contract that can be run on the EVM, and offers improved security and performance.
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IOHK

Olga Hryniuk
Input Output Hong Kong was founded in 2015 by Charles Hoskinson and Jeremy Wood to create Cardano. The company became Input Output Global in 2018.
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IOG

Olga Hryniuk
Input Output Global. The new name for IOHK, the company that developed the Cardano blockchain. IOG was registered in the US state of Wyoming in 2018, along with an office in Singapore.
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Interoperability

Olga Hryniuk
Aims to enable interconnection between blockchains. Cross-chain transfers and the ‘internet of blockchains’ will grant enhanced user experience and functionality. Sidechains and the AGIX ERC20 converter support Cardano's interoperability.
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Hydra

Olga Hryniuk
A family of protocols that overlay the layer 1 Cardano blockchain to process transactions off the main chain. Hydra uses the main ledger as the secure settlement layer, boosts throughput, minimizes the delay in starting to process transactions, incurs low to no costs, and greatly reduces storage requirements.
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Hydra Head

Olga Hryniuk
The first of several Hydra protocols, and the basis of improving Cardano's scalability. Each Hydra Head works as an off-chain mini ledger, similar but faster than the main on-chain ledger, shared between small groups of participants. Many complex protocols can be added as layers on top of Cardano.
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Hot wallet

Olga Hryniuk
A cryptocurrency wallet that can be accessed online to store currencies and make transactions. A hot wallet stores a collection of private keys and needs to be connected to the internet to process cryptocurrency operations.
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Haskell

Olga Hryniuk
A functional programming language with a focus on producing secure code.  Haskell is well suited to Cardano's high-assurance code, and the need for greater formal verification in the blockchain. Core parts of Cardano are written in Haskell and extensive testing processes ensure Plutus Core smart contracts work properly.
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Hardware wallet

Olga Hryniuk
A device that stores cryptocurrencies offline and can be connected to a computer to access the funds. Hardware wallets are secure and beneficial in terms of offline security and convenience as they can be carried around and used when needed.
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Hard fork

Olga Hryniuk
An irreversible change to a blockchain protocol. Cardano uses a hard fork combinator to ensure smooth upgrades. Unlike earlier blockchains, Cardano hard forks save the chain history and do not cause disruption for users.
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Governance

Olga Hryniuk
There is no single decision-maker controlling Cardano's growth and development. Instead, decentralized processes empower ada holders to make suggestions and collaborate on decisions. All ada holders can suggest a change through the Cardano improvement proposal (CIP) system, or participate in Project Catalyst to vote on what changes should be made.
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Goguen

Olga Hryniuk
The third phase of Cardano development that brought smart contract support.
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Game theory

Olga Hryniuk
The study of logical decision-making made by players within the defined parameters of a system. Game theory provides mathematical frameworks for predicting interactions between people in a system, where they are all looking out for their best interests. Cardano uses game theory to help avoid economic attacks on the network.
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Fungible token

Olga Hryniuk
A token that is identical to many others and can be traded is fungible. For example, one ada is the same as all others and so is fungible. Shares in a company, gold bars, and US dollars, for example, are all fungible. Cryptos are usually fungible, but there are also unique, non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
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Formal verification

Olga Hryniuk
The process of checking whether system design and the underlying algorithms are correct and satisfy the given requirements and properties. It is based on the formal methods of mathematics and is an integral part of IOG research. The core parts of Cardano are written in Haskell.
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Finality

Olga Hryniuk
The point in time when the result of a transaction becomes immutable and true for everyone on the blockchain.
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Fiat currency

Olga Hryniuk
A medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes issued by central banks. The US dollar, British pound, and Japanese yen are all fiat money.
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ERC20 converter

Olga Hryniuk
A tool that allows ERC20 tokens to be used on Cardano. Users benefit from a higher capacity of transaction processing, lower fees, and the greater security offered by the Ouroboros consensus protocol. SingularityNET’s AGIX token is the first token that users can move between Ethereum and Cardano.
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Epoch

Olga Hryniuk
A unit of time on Cardano. An epoch lasts for 120 hours, equivalent to 432,000 slots.
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